Our work focuses on the genetic diversity of viruses and the mechanisms of immune control. The aim is to gain a deeper understanding of viral evolution, the role of T and NK cells, and the clinical relevance of viral variants.

T Cell Immunity and Immune Escape

HLA class I and viral evolution 

We investigate how HLA class I molecules shape the mutational patterns of hepatitis B, C  and D viruses. HLA-restricted immune pressure can drive the selection of viral mutations, enabling immune escape from T cell recognition. These processes are central to viral persistence, affect disease progression, and help explain differences in infection outcomes between individuals and populations.

Functional analysis of TCRs

We study T cell receptors (TCRs) that recognize hepatitis B and C virus epitopes. A particular focus is on their functional properties and cross-reactivity, i.e., their ability to target related but distinct viral epitopes. Such cross-reactivity may determine whether T cells can still recognize escape variants, thereby influencing antiviral immunity, immune control, and the clinical course of chronic hepatitis B and C.

NK Cells

Adaptive NK cells in viral hepatitis 

Adaptive NK cells are a special subset of natural killer cells that expand mainly in response to cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection and show memory-like features. We investigate whether and how they also play a role in chronic viral hepatitis, where their function is still largely unclear.

KIR3DL1 splicing

Killer-cell immunoglobulin-like receptors (KIRs) are central regulators of NK cell activity through their interaction with HLA class I molecules. KIR3DL1 is one of the most polymorphic KIRs, and its expression is strongly linked to antiviral immunity. We study how alternative splicing of KIR3DL1 affects NK cell biology and immune responses in chronic viral hepatitis.

Virus Genomics

Molecular surveillance of viruses 

We establish integrated approaches for genomic surveillance of hepatitis C virus (HCV), SARS-COV-2 and respiratory syncytial virus (RSV). With standardized sequencing and analysis pipelines, viral genomes can be monitored continuously, variants detected early, and their epidemiological impact assessed. These efforts contribute directly to public health and preparedness for future outbreaks.

Co-infections and viral diversity

We study hepatitis B virus genomes from African and Asian populations to explore how co-infections with viruses such as HIV or CMV, both of which modulate cellular immunity, shape viral diversity. By comparing genetic patterns across infections, we aim to uncover how these interactions influence disease progression. This work helps us better understand co-infection dynamics and their impact on health outcomes.

Pubmed Publications